Many procedures and tests are needed to determine if cancer cells are present in the body, and where they are located. The exact combination of tests used to diagnose a child will depend upon the symptoms that are present, and the type of cancer suspected. For any test that is performed, it is important to understand:
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Why the test is being done
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What the test will feel like
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What risks are associated with the test
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What you can do to help make it easier for the child
Two common issues are associated with tests and procedures:
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Pain management
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Education and support
Quite often some type of x-ray may have already been performed by the child's regular doctor. Such exams are often repeated by the specialist. If a bone tumor is suspected, it is important that the child is diagnosed and treated by a team experienced in dealing with children with cancer.
The most important evaluation of the tumor is the biopsy. In this test, a sample of tumor tissue will be evaluated under the microscope by a pathologist.
How is the extent of disease determined?
In patients with Ewing sarcoma, 10% to 30% have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis (the cancer has spread to other areas). Staging the disease--determining how far it has spread--is very important. Some of the other examinations that may be performed include:
Staging the disease will help the healthcare team make the best, most informed decisions about treatment. While tests and answers are crucial, it is also a difficult time for families as they wait for more definitive information.
Reviewed and edited by the CureSearch.org Medical Editorial Board December 2006